Everything about Solomon Islands Campaign totally explained
The
Solomon Islands campaign was a major
campaign of the
Pacific War of
World War II. The campaign began with
Japanese landings and occupation of several areas in the
British Solomon Islands and
Bougainville, in the
Territory of New Guinea, during the first six months of 1942. The Japanese occupied these locations and began the construction of several naval and air bases with the goals of protecting the flank of the Japanese offensive in New Guinea, establishing a security barrier for the major Japanese base at
Rabaul on
New Britain, and providing bases for interdicting supply lines between the
Allied powers of the
United States and
Australia and
New Zealand.
The Allies, in order to defend their communication and supply lines in the
South Pacific, support their counteroffensive in New Guinea, and isolate the Japanese base at Rabaul, counterattacked the Japanese in the Solomons with landings on
Guadalcanal and surrounding islands in August 1942. These landings initiated a series of combined-arms battles between the two adversaries, beginning with the
Guadalcanal campaign and continuing with several battles in the central and northern Solomons, on and around
New Georgia.
The Allies created a combined air formation,
Cactus Air Force, establishing air superiority during the daylight hours. The Japanese then resorted to nightly resupply missions which they called
"Rat Transportation" (and the Allies called "the Tokyo Express") through
New Georgia Sound ("The Slot"). Many pitched battles were fought trying to stop Japanese supplies from getting through. So many ships were lost by both sides that the area became known as "
Ironbottom Sound".
Allied success in the Solomon Islands campaign prevented the Japanese from cutting Australia and New Zealand off from the U.S.
Operation Cartwheel — the Allied grand strategy for the Solomons and
New Guinea campaigns — launched on
June 30,
1943, isolated and neutralized Rabaul and destroyed much of Japan's sea and air supremacy. This opened the way for Allied forces to
recapture the Philippines and cut off Japan from its crucial resource areas in the
Netherlands East Indies.
The Solomons campaign culminated in the often bitter fighting of the
Bougainville campaign (1943–45), which continued until the end of the war.
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